Pain Management

 

Pain management t or pain management is strong> a collection of medical procedures that aim to relieve or relieve pain in patients. Pain is basically an unpleasant or painful sensation that arises due to damage to body tissues, and can cause physical and emotional effects.

Pain Management

Pain appears as a system that protects the body from further tissue damage, or from activities that can cause damage to the body. Based on its nature, pain can be acute or chronic pain. As for the intensity, pain can be felt as mild or severe pain.

Acute pain arises suddenly, and usually the cause can be clearly identified. Chronic pain arises over a long period of time. Usually chronic pain will be felt in a few weeks or months. Chronic pain often results from a condition or illness suffered by a patient.

Sometimes to provide maximum results, one can undergo more than one type of pain management method. This is because pain often involves many aspects of the patient's daily life.

Mental Pain Indications

A patient can undergo pain management if you suffer from pain in his body. Based on the cause, pain can be divided into 2 types, namely nociceptive pain and neuropathic pain.

Nociceptive pain arises due to a potentially dangerous stimulus, which is detected by the senses of pain in the body ( nociceptors ). Nociceptive pain arises due to damage to body tissues, both mechanical damage (eg joint pain or back pain), damage due to heat, cold temperatures, or due to exposure to chemicals. The emergence of nociceptive pain can be characterized by symptoms in parts of the body that experience pain, including:

  • Stabbing pain, such as being pierced by nails or needles.
  • Kaku.
  • Weak.
  • Tingling.

Neuropathic pain arises due to damage to the nerve tissue, so that pain sometimes appears suddenly. The symptoms caused by neuropathic pain are:

  • Burning or being pierced by a needle in a part that has pain.
  • A tingling and stiff feeling.
  • Pain that appears suddenly without a clear cause.
  • Difficulty sleeping and resting due to the pain.
  • Emotional disturbances due to chronic pain, difficulty sleeping, and difficulty describing pain what is being suffered.

The cause of neuropathic pain is difficult to identify when it first appears, and further investigation is needed. However, after being examined, most of the causes of neuropathic pain can be grouped into:

  • Infections, such as syphilis, snake pox or shingles, and
  • Injuries, especially injuries that cause damage or pressure on the nervous system, such as spinal cord injury.
  • Complications due to surgical procedures, such as amputation.
  • Disease or complications due to other diseases, such as multiple sclerosis , diabetes, or cancer.

Patients should immediately consult a doctor for treatment or pain management if they experience:

  • Pain that does not disappear after 2- 3 weeks.
  • Difficulty relaxing.
  • Pain experienced causes depression, anxiety, or stress.
  • Medications or methods to relieve pain are no longer effective
  • Difficult to do daily activities due to pain.

Warning for Pain Management

Before undergoing treatment pain using drugs, patients are expected to be careful if they have conditions, such as:

  • Anemia.
  • Hemophilia.
  • Vitamin K. deficiency
  • Decrease in the number of platelets (platelets).
  • The presence of ulcers (ulcers) in the stomach or intestines.
  • The presence of polyps in the nose.
  • Liver disorders.
  • Kidney disease.
  • Suffer from allergies to pain relief drugs, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or paracetamol.

If the patient will undergo pain management through surgery, there are several conditions in which patients need to be careful. These conditions include:

  • Having a blood clotting disorder.
  • Consuming blood thinning drugs.
  • Have an allergy to anesthetic drugs. li>

Pain Management Preparation

To determine the right type of pain management to relieve and cure pain, the patient will first undergo a diagnosis process so that the cause of pain can correctly identified. The doctor will ask the patient for pain symptoms, along with a general history and health condition. The medical history to be asked includes a history of medical procedures that have been carried out, especially surgical procedures. Doctors will also recommend that patients undergo additional tests, such as:

  • Blood tests
  • X-rays
  • MRI
  • CT scans
  • USG
  • Electromyography (EMG)

After the cause and source of pain are known, the doctor will determine a pain management procedure that is suitable for the patient's condition.

Pain Management Procedure

Pain management can be done differently depending on the cause of the pain. Therefore, the diagnosis and examination of the causes of pain in patients is very important so that pain management can be carried out effectively. Some common pain management techniques are:

  • Rest, i ce, c compression , and e levation (RICE) . This is a method for relieving pain in a simple way, and can be done by a patient at home alone. The doctor will recommend the patient to rest, compress the area that feels pain, and position the body part higher, to relieve pain that is temporary. The RICE method is often used to relieve pain in muscles and joints, and is often combined with the provision of painkillers.
  • O drugs. The use of painkillers is the most common method for controlling pain. There are pain relieving drugs that can be purchased freely and some must use a doctor's prescription. Some types of medicines that can be given to patients to treat pain are:
    • Analgesics, for example paracetamol, aspirin, and ibuprofen.
    • Anticonvulsants, for example carbamazepine and gabapentin.
    • Antidepressants, for example amitriptyline .
    • Antimigrain, for example sumatriptan.
    • Opioids, for example oxycodone, fentanyl , and tramadol.
  • Physiotherapy . This therapy can include heat therapy, cold therapy, massage, or physical exercise.
  • Surgery. Surgery can be done as a method to relieve pain in patients, although not all forms of pain need to be treated with this method. Some surgical methods for relieving pain include:
    • Nerve blockers, are surgical pain management methods by breaking the flow of nerve impulses from the site of pain to the brain.
    • Spinal surgery, is a special pain management method in the spine. This surgery can aim to stabilize the vertebrae or reduce the pressure that causes pain in the nerve.
    • Dorsal root entry zone operation (DREZ), is a surgical method to relieve pain by destroying pain-causing tissue or nerve fibers in patients.
    • Electrical stimulation, is a surgical method for relieve pain by stimulating nerve fibers using electricity.
  • Counseling. Counseling can help patients to deal with pain better, and usually acts as an additional pain management method in addition to medication or surgery. Counseling can also help the doctor to know the patient's psychological changes caused by the pain.
  • I cures. Acupuncture is done by sticking needles into certain areas of the body to relieve pain. Although still controversial, acupuncture is quite popular as a treatment method to relieve pain.

Simple nociceptive pain, such as bruising or bruising, does not require complicated treatment and can be relieved by itself or only with simple treatment . However, complex nociceptive pain, such as due to arthritis, needs to be treated so as not to get worse, by overcoming the cause and doing pain management. Neuropathic pain also needs to be treated because it can get worse and interfere with the quality of life of the sufferer. Neuropathic pain that is not treated properly can cause various complications, including disability and depression.

Risk of Pain Management

Every type of pain management method/ i> have different risks and side effects. However, to note is the risk of side effects from pain relief drugs. These include:

  • Constipation
  • Dizziness
  • Nausea
  • Itching on the skin
  • Ears ringing
  • Dry mouth

Patients undergoing surgery can also experience complications due to surgery, although they rarely occur, such as:

  • Infection
  • Bleeding.
  • Bruising in the operating area.
  • Pain that does not subside.
  • Blood clots occur.

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