Understanding the Circulatory System in Humans

The human body has a circulatory system that contributes to the flow of nutrients and oxygen to all parts of the body . However , not only transports these two substances . There are many more functions of the human circulatory system , to better understand the following explanation .

The circulatory system or in the medical world better known as the cardiovascular system is a useful system for delivering important substances, such as nutrients and oxygen, from the heart to the rest of the body.

Understanding the Circulatory System in Humans

In addition to acting as a substance distributor, the circulatory system in humans also has other important functions, namely removing carbon dioxide substances the rest of the body's metabolic processes through the lungs, channeling hormones to all parts of the body, channeling body temperature evenly, maintaining system performance organs in the body, and helps the body to recover from disease.

Organ within The Human Circulatory System

The human circulatory system is made up of organs that play a role in the transport of blood in the body. The organ composing the circulatory system in humans, including:

Heart
The heart is a vital organ in the human body that serves as a pumping blood throughout the body. This organ lies between the lungs, in the middle of the chest, precisely at the back of the left side of the breastbone. The heart has a size slightly larger than the fist.

Inside the heart there are four rooms divided into two chambers (ventricle) and two porches (atrium). The hall and left ventricle of the heart contains oxygen-rich clean blood, while the right chamber and porch contain dirty blood. In addition to having four rooms, the heart also has four valves that are useful to keep the blood flowing in the right direction. The heart rate of normal people ranges from 60-100 times per minute. But there are exceptions, for example at a fit athlete, his heart rate can be under 60 times per minute.

Blood vessels
The blood vessel is a circulatory system in the form of an elastic muscle tube or pipe that functions to carry blood from the heart to other parts of the body, or vice versa. Blood vessels can be divided into two, namely the arteries (vein) and vein (vein).

  • Arteries . It is a blood vessel that functions to carry blood out of the heart, either to the whole body or to the lungs. Blood flowing from the arteries contains a lot of oxygen, except in the pulmonary artery, which carries dirty blood to the lungs. The clean blood pumped out of the heart goes through the main blood vessel (aorta) from the left ventricle of the heart. This aorta then branches into smaller blood vessels (arteries), which spread throughout the body.
  • Venous . It is a blood vessel that functions to bring blood back to the heart, from the whole body or from the lungs. The cava vein carries dirty blood containing carbon dioxide from the entire body, which then goes to the lungs to be exchanged for oxygen through the respiratory process. While the pulmonary vein (pulmonary vein) carries oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the heart.

Blood
Blood is the most important component of the circulatory system. Blood has a function as a carrier of nutrients, oxygen, hormones, antibodies, as well as various other substances, from and to the rest of the body. Human blood consists of several parts, which include blood plasma and blood cells.

  • Blood plasma, a yellowish-colored fluid that carries important substances, such as hormones, proteins, and blood clotting factors.
  • Red blood cells (erythocytes), as carriers of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
  • White blood cells (leukocytes), help maintain the body from viral infections, germs, fungi, and parasites.
  • Blood chips (platelets), the body needs to help blood clotting process.

Mechanism of the Human Circulatory System

The human circulatory system can be divided into three, ie the systemic circulation, the pulmonary circulation, and the coronary circulation. These three circulations work together to ensure human survival.

  • Systemic circulation
    Systemic circulation is a blood type that covers the whole body. This circulation takes place when oxygenated blood fills the left portico of the heart through the pulmonary vein, after releasing carbon dioxide in the lungs. Then, the blood that is already on the left porch is passed to the left ventricle, to be further distributed throughout the body through the main blood vessel (aorta). Blood pumped through the aorta will continue to flow to the very edge of the entire body area. After channeling the various substances he brings to the body's cells, the blood will flow back to the right portico of the heart to undergo a process of blood cleansing.
  • Pulmonary circulation
    Pulmonary circulation (pulmonary), this is the blood circulation from the heart to the lungs, and vice versa. This circulation takes place when blood containing carbon dioxide from the rest of the body's metabolism returns to the heart through a large vein (vena cava). Then, enter the right foyer and forwarded to the right ventricle of the heart. Furthermore, the blood already in the right ventricle will be passed to the lungs through the pulmonary artery, to exchange the carbon dioxide gas with oxygen. After that, the oxygen-rich clean blood enters the left portico of the heart through the pulmonary vein.
  • Coronary circulation
    Just like other organs, the heart also needs intake of oxygen and nutrients in order to perform its functions properly. The blood that nourishes the heart will be channeled through the coronary arteries to the heart muscles. Therefore, blockages in the coronary arteries can reduce the flow of oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle, thus increasing the risk of heart attack.

Disruption to the Circulatory System

If the blood flow is disrupted, then the body organs will be damaged and cause other more serious diseases. Abnormalities of the circulatory system can be caused by several factors, both inborn abnormalities and disease acquired after birth. Here's a list of diseases that can interfere with the circulatory system, including:

  • High blood pressure (hypertension).
  • Atherosclerosis.
  • Coronary heart disease.
  • Heart failure.
  • Aortic aneurysm.
  • Heart rhythm disturbance (arrhythmia).
  • Cardiac muscle abnormalities (cardiomyopathy).
  • Congenital heart disease.

Disorders of the circulatory system are not considered trivial. These conditions require immediate medical treatment. Therefore, it is important for you to always apply a healthy lifestyle, such as exercise routine, eating nutritious foods, maintaining ideal body weight, and perform medical examinations to the doctor regularly, in order to avoid various diseases due to disruption of the circulatory system.

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