Things About Orthopedic Surgery You Need to Know

 

Orthopedic surgery is a group type surgical aimed disease that occurs in the gesture system. Orthopedic surgery can overcome various diseases or injuries that occur in bones, joints, tendons, ligaments, muscles, as well as muscle nerve. Through orthopedic surgery, patients with diseases of that organ can return move, and work and perform normally.

Patients suffering from motion system diseases, will generally undergo non-self treatment first. If treatment is not effective to cure the disease, the doctor will recommend the patient to undergo a surgical procedure. Unscrewed treatment for orthopedic patients is generally in the form of medication and physiotherapy. Some of the most common examples of orthopedic surgery are:

• Arthroscopy , is a surgical procedure with a keyhole incision to look at joint conditions and solve problems in joints using special tools. Arthroscopy can be performed as a joint disease diagnosis procedure and a joint treatment technique. The tool used for arthroscopy is an artroscope, a thin tube containing cameras and surgical instruments.
• Installation of the pen , is a surgical procedure performed by connecting and keeping the broken bone position with the help of a pen consisting of a special metal plate and bolt. Through pen installation, the broken bone will be restored to its original position and retained with the aid of the pen during healing.
• Replacement of the joint. Joint replacement surgery is performed to replace damaged joints with artificial joints. Joints can be partially replaced (partial) or completely (total). Joint replacement surgery is often performed on the pelvis or knee, especially if the joint has severe or damaged inflammation. The replacement joints can be made of plastic, metal, or ceramic, and are made to mimic the movement of the original joint so that the patient can still move as before.
• Bone fusion. Bone fusion is done by bringing together some bones into one, either with bone graft or with the help of metal. Bone fusion is often performed on the spine to relieve pain and increase spine stability due to illness. By combining several vertebrae, there is no movement between the vertebrae, so the pain due to vertebral movement will be lost.
• Osteotomy. Osteotomy is a surgical procedure performed by cutting and altering bone form, especially to repair joints. Osteotomy is often performed on the knee to repair an inflamed knee joint. However, osteotomy may also be performed in other parts of the body such as the pelvis, jaw, chin, toe, and spine. Osteotomy performed on the knee to treat knee arthritis is usually done in young patients who are not recommended undergoing knee replacement surgery. This is because artificial knee joints are more easily damaged in younger patients than in elderly patients.
• Tendon and ligament repair surgery Tendons and ligaments are connective tissues between bones and muscles. Both can be damaged or torn, which can cause weakened joints and joint movements to be limited and painful. Tendons and ligaments can be damaged by severe physical activity, especially sports such as football or tendon and ligament repair surgery will reconnect the torn tendons and ligaments.

Indications of Orthopedic Surgery

Orthopedic surgery can be done to treat various diseases and disorders of the bones and joints. Each of the orthopedic surgical techniques has its own indication, among others:

• Arthroscopy can be done to diagnose and treat joint disease, such as infection or arthritis, joint injury, and ligament damage.
Spine fusion can be done to treat spinal deformities, such as scoliosis, vertebral fractures, spinal tumors, infection, and spinal cord herniation (nuclear pulseus hernias).
• Overcoming broken bones
• Joint replacement surgery is performed to replace damaged joints, either from inflammation, disease, fracture, or age-related degeneration. Osteotomy is performed to treat damaged joints due to inflammation, especially in young patients who are not recommended to undergo joint replacement surgery.
• Tendon and ligament repair surgery is performed to correct tendons and ligaments damaged by activation physical asphyxiation, mainly due to exercise.

Patients can undergo a series of surgical procedures as needed. Orthopedic Surgery

Orthopedic Surgery Warning

Each orthopedic surgical technique has a specific warning that causes the patient can not undergo surgery. However, in general, to avoid complications of blood loss during surgery, patients will be asked to stop taking blood-thinning medications for a while, such as aspirin or warfarin. If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, you should consult your obstetrician before undergoing orthopedic surgery. Allergies suffered by the patient, especially allergic to latex or anesthetic, can cause complications during the surgery. Therefore, tell the doctor about the allergy before undergoing surgery.

Preparation of Orthopedic Surgery

Preparation of orthopedic surgery depends on the surgical technique that will be undertaken by the patient . However, in general patients will be asked to fast before undergoing orthopedic surgery, especially patients who will undergo surgery with general anesthesia. The patient will also be asked to be accompanied by the family especially to deliver the shuttle before and after the surgery.

Patients who need a bone graft will be informed about the choice of bone grafting material. Bone graft can be obtained from the patient's own bone. But today, there are synthetic bone grafts that can replace the original bones for bone graft needs. These synthetic bone grafts can be made from ceramics, calcium, or special proteins.

Orthopedic Surgery Procedures

Orthopedic surgical procedures vary according to the type of surgery performed and the bone and joint disease suffered by the patient. In general, orthopedic surgical types are invasive measures requiring skin incision at the site of the bone or joints to be operated on.

Patients undergoing orthopedic surgery will be required to change their clothing first with special surgical clothing prior to admission to the operating room. The doctor will then position the patient at the operating table according to the location of the bone or joint to be operated on. Patients will then be given anesthetic, either local anesthetic, half body, or general, as needed. Local and half-body anesthesia will keep the patient awake during the procedure, but will not feel pain. While the total anesthetic will make the patient fall asleep during the operation, and wake up after surgery is completed.

Orthopedic doctors will make the skin slices (incision) in accordance with the location of bone or joints that will undergo surgery. The amount of skin slices made depends on the type of surgery and the technique used. Arthroscopic surgery and osteotomy generally require only one or two small incisions. While on the pen installation operation, the incision will be made along the broken bone. After the incision is made, the doctor will then perform the surgical procedure according to the type of orthopedic surgery to be performed. In arthroscopy, the doctor will insert an artroscope into the joint to see the condition of the joints visually and in a particular action. In the pen-mounting operation, the broken bone will be positioned first in its normal position, then retained using the pen. After the surgical procedure is completed, the incision will be closed again using stitching and sterile bandages to prevent infection . Patients will be taken to the treatment room for postoperative recovery, especially if hospitalization is required.

After Orthopedic Surgery

Patients will be allowed home after post-operative treatment or hospitalization first. During the recovery period, patients will be asked to rest and keep the bones that have undergone surgery to keep it from moving. Patients may experience pain and swelling at the surgical site after undergoing surgery. The doctor will administer pain medication, as well as antibiotics to prevent infection, which is consumed during the recovery period.

The doctor will schedule the patient's check up during the recovery period. If the surgical area is considered stable enough to be moved, the doctor will arrange a schedule for physiotherapy. Physiotherapy will help strengthen the muscles, bones, and joints that have been operated on. The postoperative recovery period is different for each surgical technique performed, from one to two days to several weeks. During the recovery period, patients are not allowed to smoke because nicotine in cigarettes can interfere with bone recovery.

Patients should immediately consult a physician if, during the recovery period symptoms appear:

• Redness and swelling at the operating location
• Fever.
• Exit the liquid from the surgery location
• The location of the operation feels stiff and tingling.
• The emergence of great pain that does not improve despite taking painkillers.

The Risk of Orthopedic Surgical Complications

Some of the risks of complications that can arise undergoing orthopedic surgery include:

• Wound infections surgery
• Damage to tissue in the area of ​​operation.
• The formation of blood clots.
• Allergic reactions to drugs.
• Bleeding and damage to blood vessels
• The joint is stiff.
• Chronic joint pain
• Damage to tissue nerves.
• Damage back to bone, s endi, tendon, and ligament that have been operated.