Regarding Common Muscle Abnormalities

 

Aside from being a gesture, muscles scattered throughout the human body play an important role in helping other organs in performing their functions. Muscle dysfunction may result from a variety of disorders or disorders that cause weakness and muscle pain, to paralysis.

Muscle abnormalities or myopathy is a medical term that refers to some condition of muscle disorders in the body. Musculoskeletal disorders can be caused by many things, whether associated with genetic or non-genetic abnormalities, such as muscle injury and excessive muscle use, inflammation, infection, use of certain drugs, cancer, and neurological disorders that affect muscles. Some cases of muscle abnormalities are not even known for sure.

Muscle Abnormalities Based on the Cause

Generally, muscle abnormalities can be categorized into two, the inherited abnormalities ( inherited ) and acquired abnormalities ( acquired ).

Some conditions that are included in congenital muscle abnormalities are:

• Muscular Dystrophy

Muscular dystrophy is a congenital disorder that causes decreases and weakness of the masses muscle gradually. Conditions including muscular dystrophy include Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Becker muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy, muscular dystrophy, facial musculoskeletal muscle dystrophy, and limb-girdle dystrophy muscular dystrophy .

• Congenital myopathy

This type of muscle abnormality is usually characterized by developmental delay in motor skills, as well as skeletal and facial muscle abnormalities since birth. This type of muscle abnormalities generally begin to appear at birth or before the age of 2 years. Miopathic nemaline and central core myopathy are common types of congenital myopathy.

• Mitochondrial myopathy

This one myopathy is caused by genetic abnormalities in the mitochondria, the component inside the cell that produces energy.

• Metabolic myopathy

Muscle abnormalities can also occur due to an enzyme problem in the body that plays a role in muscle metabolism. Metabolic muscle abnormalities can be caused by several conditions, such as carnitine deficiency, fatty acid oxidation deficiency, carnitine palmitoyl transferase deficiency, glycogen storage disorder, maltase acid deficiency (Pompe disease).

The muscle abnormalities acquired are grouped into four, namely:

• Inflammatory myopathy

Muscle abnormalities caused by chronic muscle inflammation. Common inflammatory myopathies are polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Polymyositis affects skeletal muscle on both sides of the body and generally occurs in the age range of 30 and 60 years. The signs and symptoms of polymyositis vary from person to person. Muscle weakness that is not immediately addressed can cause difficulty swallowing, difficulty speaking, difficulty standing, as well as difficulty walking or climbing stairs. Some polymyositis sufferers may also experience arthritis, shortness of breath, arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat), or congestive heart failure. While dermatomyositis muscle abnormalities are characterized by the appearance of skin rashes accompanied by muscle weakness. Adults with dermatomyositis may experience weight loss or mild fever, pneumonia, and sensitivity to light. Both are also closely related to collagen-vascular disease or disease autoimmune such as lupus. Polymyositis is also associated with HIV infection that causes AIDS.

• Miopathy infection

This is a muscle disorder caused by viral, bacterial and parasitic infections. Viral infections that cause myopathy include HIV, influenza virus, and Epstein-Barr virus. While bacterial and parasitic infections that can cause muscle abnormalities are infection of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus , Spirochaeta (causes of Lyme disease), and parasitic infections Trichinella (causes trichinosis ). In very rare cases, a yeast infection can also cause muscle abnormalities.

• Miopathy due to drugs ( toxic myopathy )

Muscle disorders or abnormalities can also be caused by side effects of certain drugs, such as corticosteroids, statin cholesterol-lowering drugs, chloroquine antimalarial drugs, colchicine uric acid drugs , and drug drugs like cocaine. Alcoholic beverages and toxic chemicals can also be the cause.

• Systemic myopathy-related myopathy

This type of myopathy occurs due to a disease that attacks certain organ systems in the body. This type of muscle abnormalities can be caused by many diseases such as thyroid disorders, autoimmune diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, electrolyte disorders, poor nutrition, and critical illness myopathy or muscle abnormalities due to critical conditions in patients who are too long in the ICU room.

Common muscle abnormalities are inflammatory myopathy, muscular dystrophy, metabolic myopathy, systemic myopathy associated with systemic disorders, and myopathy due to certain drugs.

Symptoms and Treatment of Muscular Abnormalities

The main symptoms of myopathy or muscle abnormality are muscle weakness caused by abnormalities in muscle fibers. Muscle weakness can affect muscles throughout the body, such as the muscles of the eyes, face, arms, legs, muscles to swallow, muscles to speak, even the breathing muscles. Other symptoms may include muscle aches, cramps, stiff muscles, and muscle spasms. Muscle abnormalities in children are usually characterized by growth problems such as delayed speech, standing or walking.

The condition of muscle abnormalities requires immediate medical examination and treatment, especially if symptoms have interfered with daily activities, such as fatigue, muscle atrophy, difficulty moving, difficulty walking, difficulty grasping something, and the prolonged weakness of the muscle that lasts more than a few weeks. If you have any of these symptoms, consult a doctor immediately.

The impact of muscle disorders on each person may be different. Some people can live a normal life, but others experience disruption in activity, paralysis, to various conditions that are fatal.

Handling of muscle disorders depends on the underlying disease or condition. Muscular abnormalities caused by genetic factors are generally incurable, and treatment is merely supportive. For acquired muscle abnormalities ( acquired ), doctors may provide treatment in the form of drug therapy, physiotherapy,
to support weakened muscles, to surgery.