Know What is a Medical Examination

 

Psychiatric medical examination is a series of checks to determine whether a person is suffering from a psychiatric problem or not. S check series these include interview , check physical, and tests written through a questionnaire. The examination medical psychiatric is generally performed by a specialist psychiatrician (psychiatrist) or psychologist .

Psychological problems or mental health disorders are often associated with certain psychological factors, such as prolonged stress. Nanun actually, there are several factors that can affect the emergence of psychiatric disorders, namely:

• Have a family with a history of psychiatric disorders (genetic).
• Certain physical disorders such as cancer or damage organs, such as the brain.
• Side effects of drugs and alcohol.
• The environment around the patient, including social and cultural factors.

psychiatric problems can occur in various forms, such as mood swings or mood such as depression and irritability, personality disorders, sleep disturbances, anxiety disorders, behavioral disorders, hallucinatory disorders, to psychosis.

If symptoms of psychiatric disorders are already interfere with daily activities, then the patient is advised to check the condition, so that treatment can be done immediately.

Psychiatric medical examination can be performed as a routine or emergency check if the patient's psychiatric condition requires handling emergency. A routine psychiatric examination will examine the psychological condition of the patient thoroughly and in detail. As for emergency psychiatric examination, focusing more on symptoms, history of abnormalities, and behavior of patients as they approach psychological disorders.

Keep in mind that psychiatric medical examinations are often time consuming, and each patient will take different time from the process of examination until the diagnosis of psychiatric disease completed. Neither the patient nor the patient's family should ask for an accelerated psychiatric examination, so that the results of the diagnosis are accurate.

Indication of Medical Examination Psychiatric

aims to detect a person's mental and behavioral disorders. This is done because not all psychiatric disorders can be detected easily. In fact, sometimes a person with psychiatric problems does not show any symptoms at all or is difficult to distinguish from normal person behavior. One characteristic that signifies a person suffering from a psychiatric illness is a persistent psychic symptom.

For example, when a person experiences sadness when a family or the nearest person dies, it is natural to feel sad and grieved. However, if these feelings of sadness occur prolonged or felt severe enough to cause certain complaints such as ideas arise suicidal, unable to sleep, and difficulty undergoing daily activities, it can be said someone has shown symptoms of psychiatric disorders.

In addition to the above case examples, a psychiatric medical examination may also be performed on another reason, that is, when an authorized person or court is required to conduct a psychiatric examination of a criminal suspect. This psychiatric examination to assist the legal process in determining whether the person is psychologically healthy to undergo a trial.

Warning of the Medical Examination of Psychics

No specific warning or contraindication which causes the patient can not undergo a medical examination of the psyche. If the patient agrees to undergo a psychiatric examination and give consent ( informed consent ) for the examination, the doctor may initiate the examination. However, if the patient is deemed to be self-harmful or to the inspecting officer, the family and the officer may take safety measures to safeguard during the examination.

As long as the patient's personal safety and personnel are not maintained due to patient behavior, medical psychiatric is highly recommended to be done in hospital. During the examination, patients need to tell the problems they face and answer the doctor's questions honestly. This is important to assist the physician in determining the correct diagnosis and treatment measures.

Preparation for Medical Examination

No special preparation needs to be done before undergoing examination medical psychiatric. If necessary, the doctor or psychologist will participate in interviewing the patient's family so that the results of the examination will be more accurate. The patient's family will also be asked for his consideration to choose the treatment the patient will undergo after the psychiatric examination is known. Consideration of the patient's family or guardian for this is necessary, if the patient is incapable (incompetent) to consider the benefits and risks of treatment to be given after the examination is completed.

Before undergoing an examination, it is also good that the patient or family record complaints and history of problems encountered, such as from when the symptoms began to be felt, what things trigger or aggravate the symptoms complained, and what emotions are felt by the patient for this time.

Implementation Procedure Medical Examination Psychology

Doctors and psychologists will perform a patient's psychiatric medical examination through various methods. However, the most important methods performed in psychiatric medical examinations are interviews and observations, either with the patient or with the patient's family. However, additional tests such as blood or urine tests may also be performed to support or confirm the diagnosis.

Medical Examination Through Interview

medical psychiatric, patient will be asked information about history and condition in general by psychiatrist during interview. If the patient is unable to provide information, then the interview can be done to the family or the person closest to the patient. Information the psychiatrist may ask patients and family, among others, is:

• The patient's identity, The purpose is to know the patient's personal data and also for the personal approach of the psychiatrist to the patient. Data to be requested include name, occupation, marital status, educational history, and other issues surrounding the patient's social and cultural background.
• The patient's primary intent is to undergo a psychiatric medical examination . The goal is to identify the main reasons patients undergo a medical examination of the psyche. This identification is often done in the form of a general question by a psychiatrist who lures the patient to tell the story in detail, related to his or her complaint to a psychiatrist.
• Examination of a mental illness being suffered. This is the ultimate examination to determine the diagnosis of a mental disorder that is being suffered. Psychiatrists will ask the patient or family to tell the symptoms and history of mental illness suffered as much as possible. In addition to mental symptoms, doctors also need to assess whether there are physical symptoms felt by patients.
• Examination of patient's medical history. Psychiatrists will inquire about diseases the patient has had or is suffering from. Psychiatrists may also inquire about any medical history the patient has undergone, especially history of surgery.
• Examination of drugs and allergies. To complete the patient's health condition information, it is also important to know which drugs are consumed and allergies suffered by the patient.
• History mental disorder at If any close family member has ever suffered a mental or psychiatric illness, the patient or family should inform the psychiatrist of this information.
• Environmental and social history of the patient. This examination includes information collection related to the patient's social condition, including education history, work environment, number of children, and patient criminal history. The patient's habits should also be informed, especially those that can damage the physical and mental health of the patient, such as smoking, drinking, or taking drugs.
• Patient development history. the patient has had complications at birth or was born prematurely.

Apart from the interview, the psychiatrist will also conduct a medical examination psychologically by making careful and thorough observations to evaluate the patient's mental condition.

Observation of Mental Status

Examination of the patient's mental condition through mental status observation starts from observing the patient's personal condition at the beginning of the interview. Matters observed in this examination include:

• Patient appearance . Psychiatrists will make observations starting from the moment the patient goes into the examination room. Things that are evaluated in this observation are whether the patient is relaxed or anxious, posture, walking, and patient clothes. The doctor will assess whether the patient's outfits and appearance generally match the situation, age, and gender of the patient.
• The patient's attitude to the psychiatrist. Like facial expressions at the time of examination, the patient's eye contact with the psychiatrist, whether the patient looks at a particular point such as the ceiling or floor during the examination, and whether the patient is willing to work together during the examination (cooperative) or not. li> mood and affects patients . Especially the mood and feelings of everyday patients. Whether the patient feels sad, anxious, angry, or happy during normal affective days can be seen from the signs and facial expressions expressed by the patient while undergoing examination. Suitability to the mood can be seen from whether when admitted feeling happy, the patient looks smiling, moody, or not showing any expression at all.
• Pattern talk. Speech patterns can be seen from the volume of sound and intonation of the patient during the interview, the quality and quantity of speech, the speed of speech, and how the patient responds to the interview questions, whether the patient only answers in a timely manner or tells at length.
• The thinking process. The patient thought process can be evaluated from how the patient tells the story during the interview. Things that will be examined from the patient's thought process is the relationship between the conversation, whether the patient often change the subject, or whether the patient is speaking with unusual and incomprehensible words. The perception and responsiveness of the patient to the reality or whether the patient has hallucinations or delusions will also be examined.
• Content or content of the mind. The patient's mind-examination can be seen from:
  • The patient's orientation, especially whether the patient knows who he is, knows when and where he is.
  • Patient awareness.
  • Ability of the patient in writing, reading, and remembering
  • Abstractive thinking skills, such as similarities and differences between two objects.
  • General knowledge and patient intelligence at interview.
  • The desire to kill.
  • Suicidal desire.
  • Phobia.
  • Obsession, especially in people with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD/ Obsessive Compulsive Disorder) .
• Self-understanding ( insight ). The doctor will evaluate whether the patient understands the severity or is aware of the mental disorder he is suffering from. The patient's attitude to the mental disorder he is suffering will also be examined, including his attitude to the health worker who seeks to address the psychiatric problem.
• Judgment ( judgment). Patients will be examined for their ability to weigh a case and make decisions based on these considerations. Generally a psychiatrist will assess the patient's assessment function by creating a story-shaped scenario, which will involve the patient making a decision within the scenario.
• Impulsivity. The patient will be examined for impulsivity and the ability to control the impulsivity. Psychiatrists will also assess whether the patient can withstand impulses through interviews.
• Reliability ( reliability ). Psychiatrists or psychologists will assess whether the patient is reliable or reliable, based on information gained from observations and interviews that have been undertaken.

Investigations and Psychotest

If required, patients will be required to undergo investigations in order to help a psychiatrist determine the diagnosis. These investigations may include blood and urine examinations in the laboratory or by imaging, such as CT scans and brain MRI.

In addition to undergoing psychiatric medical examinations through interviews and psychiatric observations, patients may be required to undergo further examination of the psychological test. This examination is intended to evaluate more in the mental function and specific matters related to the psychiatric patient, such as personality type, intelligence level (IQ), and emotional intelligence (EQ) of patients. Psikotes are generally performed in the form of questionnaires or sheets which contains specific questions or instructions. Patients will generally be asked to fill out this questionnaire within a certain time and read or receive certain directions from a psychiatrist before starting psychotest. While undergoing psychotherapy, the patient is urged to fill it honestly, it is important that the psychiatrist can evaluate and diagnose the patient's condition correctly.

After Medical Examination of Psychotherapy

Patient data collected and collected during psychiatric examination will be analyzed by a psychiatrist to determine the problems and mental disorders suffered by the patient. Through the analysis, the psychiatrist can determine the mental disorders suffered by the patient accurately to then plan the handling steps that will be undertaken by the patient.

The type of treatment that patients will undergo depends on the severity of the disorder suffered. Generally, treatment of mental disorders or psychiatric problems that will be undertaken by a team involving a psychiatrist, family, doctors, psychologists, and nurses. For patients who do not have a family, other related parties such as social workers or officers from the social services will also be involved.

Methods of treatment of mental disorders or psychiatric problems that can be undertaken by patients, among others are:

• Psychotherapy. Psychotherapy is a treatment for psychiatric problems by talking, or through counseling with psychiatrists or psychologists. Psychotherapy is generally performed over several months, but in some cases, it can be done in the long term.
• Medication delivery. The administration of drugs can not cure the mental disorders suffered by the patient . However, it can relieve symptoms of mental disorders and can help other methods of therapy work more effectively. The provision of medicines to deal with mental disorders should be under the supervision of a psychiatrist. It should be noted that psychologists can not provide drugs. Some types of medicines commonly used in dealing with mental disorders are:
  • Antidepressants
  • Antipsychotics
  • Stabilizer drugs mood ( mood stabilizer ).
  • Anxiety-relieving medicine.
  • Sedative.
• Stimulation brain. Stimulation of the brain is done by stimulating the brain using electric and magnetic flow to treat mental health disorders. This method may be done if psychotherapy and treatment do not produce effective results.